Problems of Forensic Sciences 2011 Vol. 86 (LXXXVI) 162-173
Examination of a digitally manipulated – machine generated document. A case study elucidating the issue of such unwanted progenies of modern technology
Mahesh Chandra Joshi , Abhimanyu Kumar , Sushma Thakur
Directorate of Forensic Science Services, Ministry of Home Affairs, Chandigarh, India
Streszczenie
With the advancements in digital image acquisition, processing and reproduction technologies, the fabrication of documents has become easier and closer to perfection. This has led to the uncovering of new dimensions and intricacies of white-collar crimes on the one hand and the facing of new challenges of their detection on the other. This study presents examination of a machine generated questioned document consisting of fabricated and manipulated writing & signatures using digital image processing and reproduction tools. Extensive examination of the questioned document and its original source document in a forensically sound manner in light of the principle of comparison and individuality revealed that the questioned document is spurious progeny of the source document both in nature and origin.
Słowa kluczowe
Document examination; Digital manipulation; Machine generated; Superimposition.