Problems of Forensic Sciences 2015 Vol. 103 (CIII) 178-194
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR METHODS OF PATERNITY TESTING IN POLAND
Anna KARPIEWSKA
The Institute of Molecular Techniques of the Faculty of Forensic Medicine at Piastów Śląskich Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
Streszczenie
This paper is devoted to the history of paternity testing in Poland (current and former territory). Biological and legal aspects of this issue are discussed. The evolution of approaches to marital (legitimate) and extramarital children since the eighteenth century – whose fate has often been inextricably linked with investigation of paternity – is described. Biological evidence that has been made use of in the history of paternity investigations includes: anthropological examinations, the determination of the most probable conception time, seminological testing, and genetic testing. In the paper, the various stages in the development of genetic testing are discussed: throughout most of the twentieth century, testing was based on serological methods, but since the early nineteen nineties, these have been replaced by molecular analysis.
Słowa kluczowe
Forensic genetics; Consanguinity; Paternity.